The Effect of Nurse-Led Anemia Prevention Programs Among Pregnant Women at University of Jos Teaching Hospital
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Background of the Study
Anemia is a common condition among pregnant women, characterized by low levels of hemoglobin or red blood cells. It can lead to serious complications such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and maternal and fetal morbidity (World Health Organization [WHO], 2024). Pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to anemia due to increased iron requirements, dietary deficiencies, and blood loss during childbirth (Bello et al., 2023).
Nurse-led anemia prevention programs, including education on iron-rich diets, supplementation, and lifestyle changes, are critical in preventing and managing anemia during pregnancy (Adebayo & Musa, 2024). These programs provide pregnant women with the necessary knowledge and resources to improve their nutritional intake and prevent the onset of anemia (Okonkwo et al., 2023). At the University of Jos Teaching Hospital, such programs are implemented to address anemia among pregnant women. However, the impact of these nurse-led programs on anemia prevention and maternal health outcomes has not been adequately evaluated.
This study aims to assess the effectiveness of nurse-led anemia prevention programs in reducing the incidence of anemia among pregnant women at the University of Jos Teaching Hospital.
Statement of the Problem
Anemia during pregnancy is a widespread issue in Nigeria, contributing to high maternal and fetal mortality rates (WHO, 2024). Despite the availability of iron supplementation and dietary advice, many pregnant women remain anemic due to poor adherence to treatment and lack of awareness (Aliyu & Salisu, 2023). Nurse-led anemia prevention programs have the potential to improve health outcomes by educating pregnant women about anemia prevention strategies and encouraging compliance with iron supplementation (Eze & Musa, 2024). However, the effectiveness of these programs at the University of Jos Teaching Hospital needs to be evaluated to improve maternal health practices.
Objectives of the Study
- To evaluate the effectiveness of nurse-led anemia prevention programs in reducing anemia among pregnant women at University of Jos Teaching Hospital.
- To assess the impact of these programs on maternal health outcomes, including pregnancy complications and infant birth weight.
- To identify factors influencing the success of anemia prevention programs among pregnant women.
Research Questions
- How effective are nurse-led anemia prevention programs in reducing anemia among pregnant women?
- What impact do these programs have on maternal health outcomes and pregnancy complications?
- What factors affect the success of anemia prevention programs in the hospital setting?
Research Hypotheses
- Nurse-led anemia prevention programs significantly reduce anemia incidence among pregnant women.
- These programs lead to improved maternal and infant health outcomes.
- Factors such as patient education and compliance with iron supplementation influence the success of anemia prevention programs.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on pregnant women receiving care at the University of Jos Teaching Hospital who participate in anemia prevention programs. Limitations may include variations in adherence to the program and the influence of other factors not addressed in the intervention.
Definitions of Terms
- Anemia: A condition characterized by insufficient red blood cells or hemoglobin to carry adequate oxygen to the tissues.
- Nurse-Led Programs: Healthcare interventions primarily managed and delivered by nurses to improve patient outcomes.
- Iron Supplementation: The provision of iron supplements to pregnant women to prevent or treat anemia.
- Maternal Health Outcomes: The health status of the mother during and after pregnancy, including complications related to anemia.
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